Codiopsis doma (Desmarest, 1825)
Plate: CoDo-10
Series: Lower Cretaceous Group: Fredericksburg Formation: Unknown
Locale: Fort Stockton County: Pecos Stage: Albian
Length: 34.8 mm Height: 27.4 mm
Specimen in photo: TX 40529 (Holotype for Codiopsis sellardsi Ikins, 1940)
University of Texas Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab.
Plate: CoDo-20
Series: Upper Cretaceous Group: Washita Formation: Buda
Locale: Austin County: Travis Stage:Cenomanian
Length: 29.8 mm Height: 21.9 mm
Specimen in photo: TX 39028 (Holotype for Codiopsis texana Whitney, 1916)
University of Texas Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab.
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY – TAXONOMY
Class: Echinoidea Leske, 1778
Subclass: Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860
Infraclass: Carinacea Kroh & Smith, 2010
Superorder: Calycina Gregory, 1900
Order: Arbacioida Gregory, 1900
Family: Arbaciidae Gray, 1855
Genus: CODIOPSIS L. Agassiz, 1840
Species: Codiopsis doma (Desmarest, 1825)
TYPE SPECIES: Echinus doma Desmarest, 1825
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Fredericksburg (Specimen CoDo-10); Washita (Specimen CoDo-20)
Formations: Buda Limestone (CoDo-20) (Whitney, 1916)
Stratigraphic Units: Lower Cretaceous (Albian) to Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
Counties: Pecos, Travis
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, width, height: 34.8 mm L x 27.4 mm H (CoDo-10); 29.8 mm L x 21.9 mm H (CoDo-20)
Top shape: Subpentagonal; rounded and bulbous on top (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Pentagonal from top
Top domed: Elevated, inflated or domed (Whitney, 1916)
Flatness: Flat near apical system
SIDE: Side shape: Globular; sides evenly rounded from apical system to peristome
Ambitus: Near midpoint
BOTTOM: Bottom shape: Abruptly rounded from ambitus to peristome (Whitney, 1916); Tapering slightly at base (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
AMB: Amb shape: Prominent, straight, inflated; puffed out (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Amb width at apex: Narrower as approach upper face (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Amb widest location: At ambitus
Amb primary tubercles: Two oblique rows of small tubercles on lower face (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Amb primary zones: Plates composed of compound triads (3 pairs) except near peristome where grouped in 4s (Whitney, 1916)
INTERAMB: Interamb width: Three times wider than ambulacra (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Interamb primary tubercles: Devoid of tubercles on upper face; lower face has oblique rows of developed tubercles (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Interamb granules: Upper surface trimmed with longitudinal ridges/fine wrinkles (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
PORE PAIRS: Shape: Simple, rounded (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Arrangement: Trigeminate (arcs of 3) above, becoming quadrigeminate near peristome (Whitney, 1916; Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
TUBERCLES: Primary tubercles: Non-crenulate, imperforate; located from peristome up halfway to ambitus (, 1916)
Primary Perforated: No (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Primary Crenulate: No (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Primary Mamelon: Mammillated (Whitney, 1916)
Secondary tubercles: Small granules encircle areolas; uneven granules scattered near mouth (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Granulation: Upper surface has longitudinal lines/ridges of small granules ("shagreen" appearance) (Whitney, 1916; Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
APICAL SYSTEM: Location: Just above test; flush with surface (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Shape: Subpentagonal to pentagonal (Whitney, 1916)
Genital pores: Five genital plates perforated near outer edge (Whitney, 1916)
Madreporite: Large, covers most of right anterior genital plate (Whitney, 1916)
Ornamentation: Striated/ridged aspect similar to coronal plates (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
PERIPROCT (ANUS): Shape & Size: Subpentagonal (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Slightly oval
Location: Central
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: Medium size (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Small (Whitney, 1916)
Shape: Pentagonal (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916); Oval
Lip: Devoid of lips (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Ambulacral lips twice width of interambulacral lips (Whitney, 1916)
Notches: Without notches (Whitney, 1916)
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION: Holotypes of synonyms C. sellardsi (TX 40529) and C. texana (TX 39028) studied .
ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin doma, meaning "house," "roof," or "cupola," referring to the high, dome-shaped test.
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Codiopsis sellardsi Ikins (1940) and Codiopsis texana Whitney (1916) are considered synonyms of the European species Codiopsis doma (Desmarest, 1825) according to the Echinoid Directory (Smith & Kroh, 2011).
Comparisons: Codiopsis doma is distinguished by its high, subpentagonal, bulbous shape and the restriction of primary tubercles to the lower (oral) surface, with the upper surface ornamented only by fine wavy striations/granules. Codiopsis alpina and Codiopsis pradoi differ in tubercle size and apical system development. Codiopsis lorini possesses tubercles on the upper face, unlike doma (Cotteau & Triger, 1855).
PREVIOUS NAMES: Codiopsis sellardsi, Codiopsis texana
Plate: CoDo-10
Series: Lower Cretaceous Group: Fredericksburg Formation: Unknown
Locale: Fort Stockton County: Pecos Stage: Albian
Length: 34.8 mm Height: 27.4 mm
Specimen in photo: TX 40529 (Holotype for Codiopsis sellardsi Ikins, 1940)
University of Texas Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab.
Plate: CoDo-20
Series: Upper Cretaceous Group: Washita Formation: Buda
Locale: Austin County: Travis Stage:Cenomanian
Length: 29.8 mm Height: 21.9 mm
Specimen in photo: TX 39028 (Holotype for Codiopsis texana Whitney, 1916)
University of Texas Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab.
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY – TAXONOMY
Class: Echinoidea Leske, 1778
Subclass: Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860
Infraclass: Carinacea Kroh & Smith, 2010
Superorder: Calycina Gregory, 1900
Order: Arbacioida Gregory, 1900
Family: Arbaciidae Gray, 1855
Genus: CODIOPSIS L. Agassiz, 1840
Species: Codiopsis doma (Desmarest, 1825)
TYPE SPECIES: Echinus doma Desmarest, 1825
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Fredericksburg (Specimen CoDo-10); Washita (Specimen CoDo-20)
Formations: Buda Limestone (CoDo-20) (Whitney, 1916)
Stratigraphic Units: Lower Cretaceous (Albian) to Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
Counties: Pecos, Travis
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, width, height: 34.8 mm L x 27.4 mm H (CoDo-10); 29.8 mm L x 21.9 mm H (CoDo-20)
Top shape: Subpentagonal; rounded and bulbous on top (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Pentagonal from top
Top domed: Elevated, inflated or domed (Whitney, 1916)
Flatness: Flat near apical system
SIDE: Side shape: Globular; sides evenly rounded from apical system to peristome
Ambitus: Near midpoint
BOTTOM: Bottom shape: Abruptly rounded from ambitus to peristome (Whitney, 1916); Tapering slightly at base (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
AMB: Amb shape: Prominent, straight, inflated; puffed out (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Amb width at apex: Narrower as approach upper face (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Amb widest location: At ambitus
Amb primary tubercles: Two oblique rows of small tubercles on lower face (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Amb primary zones: Plates composed of compound triads (3 pairs) except near peristome where grouped in 4s (Whitney, 1916)
INTERAMB: Interamb width: Three times wider than ambulacra (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Interamb primary tubercles: Devoid of tubercles on upper face; lower face has oblique rows of developed tubercles (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Interamb granules: Upper surface trimmed with longitudinal ridges/fine wrinkles (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
PORE PAIRS: Shape: Simple, rounded (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Arrangement: Trigeminate (arcs of 3) above, becoming quadrigeminate near peristome (Whitney, 1916; Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
TUBERCLES: Primary tubercles: Non-crenulate, imperforate; located from peristome up halfway to ambitus (, 1916)
Primary Perforated: No (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Primary Crenulate: No (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Primary Mamelon: Mammillated (Whitney, 1916)
Secondary tubercles: Small granules encircle areolas; uneven granules scattered near mouth (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
Granulation: Upper surface has longitudinal lines/ridges of small granules ("shagreen" appearance) (Whitney, 1916; Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
APICAL SYSTEM: Location: Just above test; flush with surface (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916)
Shape: Subpentagonal to pentagonal (Whitney, 1916)
Genital pores: Five genital plates perforated near outer edge (Whitney, 1916)
Madreporite: Large, covers most of right anterior genital plate (Whitney, 1916)
Ornamentation: Striated/ridged aspect similar to coronal plates (Cotteau & Triger, 1855)
PERIPROCT (ANUS): Shape & Size: Subpentagonal (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Slightly oval
Location: Central
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: Medium size (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Small (Whitney, 1916)
Shape: Pentagonal (Cotteau & Triger, 1855; Whitney, 1916); Oval
Lip: Devoid of lips (Cotteau & Triger, 1855); Ambulacral lips twice width of interambulacral lips (Whitney, 1916)
Notches: Without notches (Whitney, 1916)
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION: Holotypes of synonyms C. sellardsi (TX 40529) and C. texana (TX 39028) studied .
ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin doma, meaning "house," "roof," or "cupola," referring to the high, dome-shaped test.
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Codiopsis sellardsi Ikins (1940) and Codiopsis texana Whitney (1916) are considered synonyms of the European species Codiopsis doma (Desmarest, 1825) according to the Echinoid Directory (Smith & Kroh, 2011).
Comparisons: Codiopsis doma is distinguished by its high, subpentagonal, bulbous shape and the restriction of primary tubercles to the lower (oral) surface, with the upper surface ornamented only by fine wavy striations/granules. Codiopsis alpina and Codiopsis pradoi differ in tubercle size and apical system development. Codiopsis lorini possesses tubercles on the upper face, unlike doma (Cotteau & Triger, 1855).
PREVIOUS NAMES: Codiopsis sellardsi, Codiopsis texana
