Cosmocyphus krameri Thompson, 2020
Plate: CoKr-10
Series: Lower Cretaceous Group: Fredericksburg Formation: Edwards
Locale: Fluvanna County: Scurry Stage: Albian
Length: 33.1 mm Height: 8.3 mm (crushed)
Collection: Dr. Steven Crane
Repository: Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab., Univ. of Texas
HOLOTYPE INFO:
Holotype: NPL 94313 — Non-vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, University of Texas
Paratype: NPL 94314
Locality: Fluvanna, Scurry County, Texas
DIAGNOSIS
A Cosmocyphus from the lower Cretaceous of central Texas, Fredericksburg Group, Edwards Formation with pore pairs biserial above the ambitus and uniserial below. Adorally each interambulacral tubercle has 5 striations, very pronounced, crossing each boss, over the areola and between the pore pairs .
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY – TAXONOMY
Class: Echinoidea Leske, 1778
Subclass: Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860
Infraclass: Carinacea Kroh & Smith, 2010
Superorder: Calycina Gregory, 1900
Order: Phymosomatoida Mortensen, 1904
Family: Phymosomatidae Pomel, 1883
Genus: COSMOCYPHUS Pomel, 1883
Species: Cosmocyphus krameri Thompson, 2020
TYPE SPECIES: Cyphosoma saemanni Coquand, 1860
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Fredericksburg
Formations: Edwards Formation
Stratigraphic Units: Lower Cretaceous, Albian
Counties: Scurry County
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, height: 33.1 mm L ×8.3 mm H (crushed ~40% of original height)
Top shape: Round from above
SIDE: Ambitus: 50% from adoral side
Side shape: Rounded; flat top and bottom
BOTTOM: Bottom shape: Adoral surface depressed
AMB: Amb shape: Lanceolate, pointed at apical system, widest at ambitus, slightly narrowing at peristome
Amb width: Half the width of interambulacra at ambitus
Amb primary tubercles: Large, two rows, 11–12 per row; reducing in size as they near poles
Amb arrangement: Pore pairs biserial adapically, uniserial on adoral surface. Adapical surface composed of 6 elements; when changing to uniserial, composed of 4 elements with pore pairs in arcs
INTERAMB: Interamb primary tubercles: Four rows of large tubercles slightly larger than ambulacral; 10–11 in inside rows and 6–7 on outer rows; gradually diminishing aborally and missing adapically
Interamb plating: Plates wider than tall
Granules: Oral surface has rows of granules that zigzag at adradial and interradial margins
TUBERCLES: Primary tubercles: Single primary tubercle to each ambulacral plate, centrally located. Two tubercles to each interambulacral plate (except near apical scar)
Primary Perforated: No
Primary Crenulate: Yes
Primary Mamelon: Large
Ornamentation: On the aboral surface, each interambulacral tubercle has 5 very pronounced striations crossing the lower half of the boss and the areola, sloping away and between the pore pairs
APICAL SYSTEM: Size: 40% of test
Shape: Angular, pentagonal
Condition: Plating lost
PERIPROCT (ANUS): Condition: Unknown
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: 1/2 diameter of test (50%)
Shape: Sub-pentagonal; angular
Lip: Lips small
Sunken: Depressed
Phyllodes: yes, pronounced.
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION: Five specimens studied; only one whole (Holotype NPL 94313). Holotype is crushed to about 40% of original height.
ETYMOLOGY: The name "krameri" is named for Cosmo Kramer a fictional character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld that was played by the great comedian Michael Richards .
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Cosmocyphus rugosum has similar striations from boss to pore pairs. C. rugosum, Cosmocyphus princeps, and Cosmocyphus saemanni differ from C. krameri by having broad naked aboral interradial zones, a rounder peristome, and smaller secondary tubercles in the interambulacral zones .
Plate: CoKr-10
Series: Lower Cretaceous Group: Fredericksburg Formation: Edwards
Locale: Fluvanna County: Scurry Stage: Albian
Length: 33.1 mm Height: 8.3 mm (crushed)
Collection: Dr. Steven Crane
Repository: Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab., Univ. of Texas
HOLOTYPE INFO:
Holotype: NPL 94313 — Non-vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, University of Texas
Paratype: NPL 94314
Locality: Fluvanna, Scurry County, Texas
DIAGNOSIS
A Cosmocyphus from the lower Cretaceous of central Texas, Fredericksburg Group, Edwards Formation with pore pairs biserial above the ambitus and uniserial below. Adorally each interambulacral tubercle has 5 striations, very pronounced, crossing each boss, over the areola and between the pore pairs .
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY – TAXONOMY
Class: Echinoidea Leske, 1778
Subclass: Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860
Infraclass: Carinacea Kroh & Smith, 2010
Superorder: Calycina Gregory, 1900
Order: Phymosomatoida Mortensen, 1904
Family: Phymosomatidae Pomel, 1883
Genus: COSMOCYPHUS Pomel, 1883
Species: Cosmocyphus krameri Thompson, 2020
TYPE SPECIES: Cyphosoma saemanni Coquand, 1860
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Fredericksburg
Formations: Edwards Formation
Stratigraphic Units: Lower Cretaceous, Albian
Counties: Scurry County
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, height: 33.1 mm L ×8.3 mm H (crushed ~40% of original height)
Top shape: Round from above
SIDE: Ambitus: 50% from adoral side
Side shape: Rounded; flat top and bottom
BOTTOM: Bottom shape: Adoral surface depressed
AMB: Amb shape: Lanceolate, pointed at apical system, widest at ambitus, slightly narrowing at peristome
Amb width: Half the width of interambulacra at ambitus
Amb primary tubercles: Large, two rows, 11–12 per row; reducing in size as they near poles
Amb arrangement: Pore pairs biserial adapically, uniserial on adoral surface. Adapical surface composed of 6 elements; when changing to uniserial, composed of 4 elements with pore pairs in arcs
INTERAMB: Interamb primary tubercles: Four rows of large tubercles slightly larger than ambulacral; 10–11 in inside rows and 6–7 on outer rows; gradually diminishing aborally and missing adapically
Interamb plating: Plates wider than tall
Granules: Oral surface has rows of granules that zigzag at adradial and interradial margins
TUBERCLES: Primary tubercles: Single primary tubercle to each ambulacral plate, centrally located. Two tubercles to each interambulacral plate (except near apical scar)
Primary Perforated: No
Primary Crenulate: Yes
Primary Mamelon: Large
Ornamentation: On the aboral surface, each interambulacral tubercle has 5 very pronounced striations crossing the lower half of the boss and the areola, sloping away and between the pore pairs
APICAL SYSTEM: Size: 40% of test
Shape: Angular, pentagonal
Condition: Plating lost
PERIPROCT (ANUS): Condition: Unknown
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: 1/2 diameter of test (50%)
Shape: Sub-pentagonal; angular
Lip: Lips small
Sunken: Depressed
Phyllodes: yes, pronounced.
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION: Five specimens studied; only one whole (Holotype NPL 94313). Holotype is crushed to about 40% of original height.
ETYMOLOGY: The name "krameri" is named for Cosmo Kramer a fictional character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld that was played by the great comedian Michael Richards .
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Cosmocyphus rugosum has similar striations from boss to pore pairs. C. rugosum, Cosmocyphus princeps, and Cosmocyphus saemanni differ from C. krameri by having broad naked aboral interradial zones, a rounder peristome, and smaller secondary tubercles in the interambulacral zones .
