Codiopsis (Hemicodiopsis) pulchella Smith and Rader, 2009
Plate: CoSp-10
Series: Lower Cretaceous Group: Trinity Formation: Glen Rose
Locale: Startzville County: Comal Stage: Albian
Length: 7.2 mm Height: 4.6 mm
Specimen in photo: Collection of Ed Elliott
Repository: Private Collection
HOLOTYPE INFO:
Holotype: USNM (United States National Museum) — Designated by Smith & Rader (2009)
Locality: Comal County, Texas (Smith & Rader, 2009)
Systematic Paleontology
CLASS: ECHINOIDEA Leske, 1778
SUBCLASS: EUECHINOIDEA Bronn, 1860
INFRACLASS: CARINACEA Kroh & Smith, 2010
SUPERORDER: CALYCINA Gregory, 1900
ORDER: ARBACIOIDA Gregory, 1900
FAMILY: ARBACIIDAE Gray, 1855
GENUS: CODIOPSIS L. Agassiz, 1840
SUBGENUS: HEMICODIOPSIS Pomel, 1883
SPECIES: Codiopsis (Hemicodiopsis) pulchella Smith & Rader, 2009
TYPE SPECIES: Echinus doma Desmarest, 1825 (Type of Codiopsis)
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Trinity
Formations: Glen Rose Formation (Smith & Rader, 2009)
Stratigraphic Units: Lower Cretaceous, Albian (Smith & Rader, 2009)
Counties: Comal County
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, width, height: 7.2 mm L × 4.6 mm H
Top shape: Small, round, slightly pentagonal
Top domed: Very dome-shaped
SIDE: Ambitus: About 40% from base
Side shape: High domed profile
BOTTOM: Bottom flat: Flat
AMB: Amb shape: Lanceolate
Amb primary tubercles: Two rows of pointed tubercles stagger between sets of pore pairs
Amb primary zones: Pore pairs crowd at peristome forming phyllodes
INTERAMB: Interamb width: 2.5 times wider than ambulacra
Interamb primary tubercles: Four rows of pointed tubercles in each interambulacrum; smaller pointed tubercles crowd near ambitus, the base, and on the bottom
Interamb granules: Granules numerous
PORE PAIRS: Shape: Round
Arrangement: Uniserial, oblique
TUBERCLES: Primary tubercles: Large, round, mamelated; start very close to base and cover the bottom . Arrangement on oral side forms a "V" shape at each interambulacrum .
Primary Perforated: No
Primary Crenulate: No
Primary Areola shape: Raised areola
Secondary tubercles: Smaller pointed tubercles near ambitus
Granulation: Granulation everywhere excluding the ring around the peristome .
APICAL SYSTEM: Size: Diameter 40% of test
Type: Dicyclic
Plates: Five pentagonal oculars; Five genitals, curved at periproct, pointed outward with gonopore near point
Ornamentation: Each genital and each ocular include a pointed tubercle
PERIPROCT (ANUS): Shape & Size: Oval
Location: Center of apical system
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: Very large; diameter 60% of base
Lip: Lips on either side of ambulacra grow together and line entire length of interambulacrum at peristome
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION
Specimen condition: Specimen CoPu-10 in collection of Ed Elliott .
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Codiopsis (Hemicodiopsis) pulchella is a small species characterized by the restriction of primary tubercles to the oral surface and ambitus, leaving the adapical surface largely naked or granulose, a diagnostic feature of the subgenus Hemicodiopsis (Smith & Rader, 2009). The species name pulchella means "beautiful little one."
Comparisons: It differs from Codiopsis doma (also found in the Texas Cretaceous) by its smaller size and the specific restriction of tuberculation to the lower test, whereas doma has a different apical ornamentation pattern (striations) .
Plate: CoSp-10
Series: Lower Cretaceous Group: Trinity Formation: Glen Rose
Locale: Startzville County: Comal Stage: Albian
Length: 7.2 mm Height: 4.6 mm
Specimen in photo: Collection of Ed Elliott
Repository: Private Collection
HOLOTYPE INFO:
Holotype: USNM (United States National Museum) — Designated by Smith & Rader (2009)
Locality: Comal County, Texas (Smith & Rader, 2009)
Systematic Paleontology
CLASS: ECHINOIDEA Leske, 1778
SUBCLASS: EUECHINOIDEA Bronn, 1860
INFRACLASS: CARINACEA Kroh & Smith, 2010
SUPERORDER: CALYCINA Gregory, 1900
ORDER: ARBACIOIDA Gregory, 1900
FAMILY: ARBACIIDAE Gray, 1855
GENUS: CODIOPSIS L. Agassiz, 1840
SUBGENUS: HEMICODIOPSIS Pomel, 1883
SPECIES: Codiopsis (Hemicodiopsis) pulchella Smith & Rader, 2009
TYPE SPECIES: Echinus doma Desmarest, 1825 (Type of Codiopsis)
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Trinity
Formations: Glen Rose Formation (Smith & Rader, 2009)
Stratigraphic Units: Lower Cretaceous, Albian (Smith & Rader, 2009)
Counties: Comal County
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, width, height: 7.2 mm L × 4.6 mm H
Top shape: Small, round, slightly pentagonal
Top domed: Very dome-shaped
SIDE: Ambitus: About 40% from base
Side shape: High domed profile
BOTTOM: Bottom flat: Flat
AMB: Amb shape: Lanceolate
Amb primary tubercles: Two rows of pointed tubercles stagger between sets of pore pairs
Amb primary zones: Pore pairs crowd at peristome forming phyllodes
INTERAMB: Interamb width: 2.5 times wider than ambulacra
Interamb primary tubercles: Four rows of pointed tubercles in each interambulacrum; smaller pointed tubercles crowd near ambitus, the base, and on the bottom
Interamb granules: Granules numerous
PORE PAIRS: Shape: Round
Arrangement: Uniserial, oblique
TUBERCLES: Primary tubercles: Large, round, mamelated; start very close to base and cover the bottom . Arrangement on oral side forms a "V" shape at each interambulacrum .
Primary Perforated: No
Primary Crenulate: No
Primary Areola shape: Raised areola
Secondary tubercles: Smaller pointed tubercles near ambitus
Granulation: Granulation everywhere excluding the ring around the peristome .
APICAL SYSTEM: Size: Diameter 40% of test
Type: Dicyclic
Plates: Five pentagonal oculars; Five genitals, curved at periproct, pointed outward with gonopore near point
Ornamentation: Each genital and each ocular include a pointed tubercle
PERIPROCT (ANUS): Shape & Size: Oval
Location: Center of apical system
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: Very large; diameter 60% of base
Lip: Lips on either side of ambulacra grow together and line entire length of interambulacrum at peristome
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION
Specimen condition: Specimen CoPu-10 in collection of Ed Elliott .
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Codiopsis (Hemicodiopsis) pulchella is a small species characterized by the restriction of primary tubercles to the oral surface and ambitus, leaving the adapical surface largely naked or granulose, a diagnostic feature of the subgenus Hemicodiopsis (Smith & Rader, 2009). The species name pulchella means "beautiful little one."
Comparisons: It differs from Codiopsis doma (also found in the Texas Cretaceous) by its smaller size and the specific restriction of tuberculation to the lower test, whereas doma has a different apical ornamentation pattern (striations) .
