Loriolia clarki Cooke, 1946
Plate: LoCl-10
Series: Upper Cretaceous Group: Washita Formation: Buda
Locale: Austin County: Travis Stage: Cenomanian
Length: 15.4 mm Height: 6.4 mm
Specimen in photo: NPL83023 Hypotype
Collector: Chris Garvie
Repository: Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab., Univ. of Texas
HOLOTYPE INFO:
Holotype: USNM 103706 (Cooke, 1946).
Locality: Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas (Clark, 1915).
Stratigraphy: Washita Group.
SYNONYMY
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY – TAXONOMY
Class: Echinoidea Leske, 1778
Subclass: Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860
Infraclass: Carinacea Kroh & Smith, 2010
Superorder: Calycina Gregory, 1900
Order: Phymosomatoida Mortensen, 1904
Family: Polydiadematidae Lambert, 1900
Genus: LORIOLIA Neumayr, 1881
Species: Loriolia clarki Cooke, 1946
TYPE SPECIES: Pseudodiadema bourgueti var. foucardi Cotteau, 1851
DIAGNOSIS
Test small and subconical; aboral surface depressed, ambitus tumid. Distinguished by a very large apical system that intrudes deeply into the posterior interambulacrum. Ambulacral plates compound with simple pores that double/crowd near the peristome (Clark, 1915; Cooke, 1946).
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Washita
Formations: Buda Limestone; Undifferentiated Washita (Type).
Stratigraphic Units: Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian.
Counties: Travis, Tarrant.
Abundance: Rare.
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, width, height: 15.4 mm L × 6.4 mm H (Hypotype).
Top shape: Circular outline.
Top domed: Aboral surface depressed (Clark, 1915); flat in figured specimen.
SIDE: Ambitus: Tumid; positioned 45% of height from the bottom.
Side shape: Subconical (Clark, 1915); sides curved.
BOTTOM: Bottom shape: Convex (Clark, 1915); flat in figured specimen.
AMB: Amb shape: Moderately narrow; increasing in width from the apical system to the ambitus, then decreasing toward the peristome (Clark, 1915). Lanceolate and straight.
Amb arrangement: Two rows of small primary tubercles.
Plating: Compound plates; sutures very indistinct (Clark, 1915).
PORE PAIRS: Arrangement: Simple (uniserial) in the upper series; doubling or becoming crowded toward the peristome (Clark, 1915).
Shape: Round.
TUBERCLES: Primary Perforated: Yes.
Primary Crenulate: Yes.
Ambulacral Tubercles: ~30 per area; small.
Interambulacral Tubercles: Two rows of primary tubercles slightly larger than the ambulacral ones (Clark, 1915). On the aboral side, the two rows run perpendicular to each other; narrowing from ambitus to peristome.
Areolas: Large and spherical.
Mamelons: Large and rounded.
GRANULES: Distribution: Heavily granulated.
FASCIOLE: Absent.
APICAL SYSTEM: Size: Considerable size; diameter 55% of test diameter.
Shape: Pentagonal.
Features: The posterior interambulacrum is deeply incised and depressed near the apical system, which intrudes far into it (Clark, 1915).
Scar: Large aboral scar indicates loose attachment of plates (Clark, 1915).
PERIPROCT (ANUS): (Unknown; presumably within apical system).
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: Small (Clark, 1915); diameter ~45% of test (figured specimen).
Shape: Depressed.
Lip: Buccal notches present on either side of ambulacra. Two bumps protrude into the peristome at each ambulacrum.
Phyllodes: Absent.
SPINES: Unknown.
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION: Hypotype NPL 83023. Collected by Chris Garvie. Holotype described by Clark (1915).
ETYMOLOGY
Named in honor of William Bullock Clark (1860–1917), who originally described the species (as Heterodiadema ornata).
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Clark (1915) originally assigned this species to Heterodiadema. Cooke (1946) transferred it to Loriolia and renamed it L. clarki because the specific name ornata was preoccupied by Loriolia ornata De Loriol, 1901.
Comparisons:
Plate: LoCl-10
Series: Upper Cretaceous Group: Washita Formation: Buda
Locale: Austin County: Travis Stage: Cenomanian
Length: 15.4 mm Height: 6.4 mm
Specimen in photo: NPL83023 Hypotype
Collector: Chris Garvie
Repository: Non-vertebrate Paleo. Lab., Univ. of Texas
HOLOTYPE INFO:
Holotype: USNM 103706 (Cooke, 1946).
Locality: Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas (Clark, 1915).
Stratigraphy: Washita Group.
SYNONYMY
- Heterodiadema ornata Clark, 1915 (non Loriolia ornata De Loriol, 1901)
- Loriolia clarki Cooke, 1946 (Replacement name)
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY – TAXONOMY
Class: Echinoidea Leske, 1778
Subclass: Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860
Infraclass: Carinacea Kroh & Smith, 2010
Superorder: Calycina Gregory, 1900
Order: Phymosomatoida Mortensen, 1904
Family: Polydiadematidae Lambert, 1900
Genus: LORIOLIA Neumayr, 1881
Species: Loriolia clarki Cooke, 1946
TYPE SPECIES: Pseudodiadema bourgueti var. foucardi Cotteau, 1851
DIAGNOSIS
Test small and subconical; aboral surface depressed, ambitus tumid. Distinguished by a very large apical system that intrudes deeply into the posterior interambulacrum. Ambulacral plates compound with simple pores that double/crowd near the peristome (Clark, 1915; Cooke, 1946).
STRATIGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE & DISTRIBUTION
Group: Washita
Formations: Buda Limestone; Undifferentiated Washita (Type).
Stratigraphic Units: Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian.
Counties: Travis, Tarrant.
Abundance: Rare.
DESCRIPTION
TOP: Length, width, height: 15.4 mm L × 6.4 mm H (Hypotype).
Top shape: Circular outline.
Top domed: Aboral surface depressed (Clark, 1915); flat in figured specimen.
SIDE: Ambitus: Tumid; positioned 45% of height from the bottom.
Side shape: Subconical (Clark, 1915); sides curved.
BOTTOM: Bottom shape: Convex (Clark, 1915); flat in figured specimen.
AMB: Amb shape: Moderately narrow; increasing in width from the apical system to the ambitus, then decreasing toward the peristome (Clark, 1915). Lanceolate and straight.
Amb arrangement: Two rows of small primary tubercles.
Plating: Compound plates; sutures very indistinct (Clark, 1915).
PORE PAIRS: Arrangement: Simple (uniserial) in the upper series; doubling or becoming crowded toward the peristome (Clark, 1915).
Shape: Round.
TUBERCLES: Primary Perforated: Yes.
Primary Crenulate: Yes.
Ambulacral Tubercles: ~30 per area; small.
Interambulacral Tubercles: Two rows of primary tubercles slightly larger than the ambulacral ones (Clark, 1915). On the aboral side, the two rows run perpendicular to each other; narrowing from ambitus to peristome.
Areolas: Large and spherical.
Mamelons: Large and rounded.
GRANULES: Distribution: Heavily granulated.
FASCIOLE: Absent.
APICAL SYSTEM: Size: Considerable size; diameter 55% of test diameter.
Shape: Pentagonal.
Features: The posterior interambulacrum is deeply incised and depressed near the apical system, which intrudes far into it (Clark, 1915).
Scar: Large aboral scar indicates loose attachment of plates (Clark, 1915).
PERIPROCT (ANUS): (Unknown; presumably within apical system).
PERISTOME (MOUTH): Size: Small (Clark, 1915); diameter ~45% of test (figured specimen).
Shape: Depressed.
Lip: Buccal notches present on either side of ambulacra. Two bumps protrude into the peristome at each ambulacrum.
Phyllodes: Absent.
SPINES: Unknown.
SPECIMENS STUDIED & CONDITION: Hypotype NPL 83023. Collected by Chris Garvie. Holotype described by Clark (1915).
ETYMOLOGY
Named in honor of William Bullock Clark (1860–1917), who originally described the species (as Heterodiadema ornata).
REMARKS & COMPARISONS
Remarks: Clark (1915) originally assigned this species to Heterodiadema. Cooke (1946) transferred it to Loriolia and renamed it L. clarki because the specific name ornata was preoccupied by Loriolia ornata De Loriol, 1901.
Comparisons:
- Loriolia rosana: L. clarki is distinguished by its subconical shape (vs. depressed/tumid in rosana) and the extreme elongation of the apical system into the posterior interambulacrum.
- Heterodiadema: Resembles Heterodiadema in apical structure but differs in pore arrangement (Cooke, 1946).
